Walter Crane's Queen Summer; Or, The Tourney of the Lily and the Rose opens with a formal court scene: Queen Summer holds court in a garden, with the hours personified as knights and ladies in a Masque of Flowers. The poem immediately establishes a conflict—a whispered word that the Lily flouts the Rose—and sets the stage for a tournament. Crane's verse is richly descriptive, with a consistent rhyme scheme and a focus on visual details: 'tapestry of leaves,' 'threads of gold the sun enweaves,' and 'velvet lawns the scythe smoothes o'er.' The opening lines also introduce the central conceit: the flowers are not merely decorative but active participants in a chivalric drama, with the queen as judge.

The Tournament Unfolds

The middle excerpts describe the tournament itself in vivid, kinetic language. The Rose knight appears 'with crimson pennon fluttering new' and 'glittering spines all armed,' while the Lily knight is 'in silver armour white arrayed,' flashing 'like light upon the scene.' The clash is rendered as a sensory event: 'the summer winds the onset blew' and the knights 'clashed together, mid a snow / Of petals on the grass below.' The crowd's reaction—'Some cried, “the Lily”, some, “the Rose”'—mirrors the division between the two factions. Crane extends the combat beyond the initial duel: 'sudden charging from each side, / Of Roses and of Lilies ride / A host to still maintain the strife.' This escalation transforms the personal contest into a full-scale battle, with the grass 'undue was rife' from the 'fragrant blood' of roses.

Chivalric Language and Botanical Detail

Crane weaves chivalric terminology with botanical specificity throughout the excerpts. The Rose knight's 'glittering spines' evoke thorns, while the Lily knight's 'silver armour' and 'milk-white horse' recall the flower's pale petals. The Rose's supporters are described with horticultural precision: 'Rose-craft, since from wild thorn frail / Their order grew—through dark & pale / Of maiden-bloom to damask deep, / Or Gloire-de-Dijon that doth keep / Enfolded fire within his breast.' This passage names a specific rose cultivar (Gloire-de-Dijon) and traces the lineage of rose cultivation. Similarly, the Lily-lances are 'silver' and the charge is likened to 'a cloud of morn' or 'rosy wave on grassy shore.' The poem consistently blurs the line between floral and martial imagery, making the botanical world the arena for knightly combat.

Narrative Structure and Pacing

The excerpts reveal a clear narrative arc: from the courtly setup, through the individual joust, to the massed battle. Crane uses a consistent ABAB rhyme scheme and a regular meter, which gives the poem a driving, ballad-like quality. The pacing accelerates with the tournament: the initial description of the queen's court is stately, but the combat sequences are swift and action-packed. The use of exclamations ('a sight to see!') and direct speech ('Some cried, “the Lily”') adds immediacy. The battle itself is described in a series of vivid images—'snow & burning flame / Mixing with the crimson flood'—that convey chaos and color. The excerpts break off mid-battle, leaving the outcome unresolved, which may reflect the poem's overall structure as a series of set pieces rather than a linear narrative.

Visual and Symbolic Imagery

Crane, primarily known as an illustrator, fills the poem with visual cues that suggest his own artwork. The 'blazoned shields, & pennons spruce / Of fluttering flag & fleur-de-luce' evoke heraldic designs, while the 'broidered hangings gay' and 'silver arum-trumpet's sound / With tongues of gold' create a richly decorated scene. The color scheme is dominated by red and white—the colors of the Rose and Lily—which recur throughout: 'their party-colours flaunting wide,' 'banners white and red,' and the 'crimson flood' of roses. The poem also uses light and metal imagery: the Lily knight 'flashed like light,' and his armor is 'silver,' while the Rose is 'aflame.' This symbolic opposition extends to the natural world: the battle is fought 'mid a snow / Of petals,' blending the white of the Lily with the red of the Rose. The excerpts suggest that the poem is as much a visual spectacle as a verbal one.

As you read Queen Summer, pay attention to how Crane balances the demands of narrative and description. The poem's brevity (around 4,000 words) means that every image and action carries weight. Notice how the floral and chivalric vocabularies interlock—the Rose knight's 'spines' are both thorns and armor, the Lily's 'silver' is both metal and petal. The excerpts leave the tournament unfinished, so consider whether the poem aims for resolution or simply revels in the spectacle. Crane's background as a designer and illustrator may also inform your reading: the text often reads like a caption for a series of imagined pictures.